Recent Advances and Future Perspectives on Chitosan-Sago-Derived Sodium Starch Glycolate as a Biopolymeric Carrier for Alpha-Mangostin Nanoparticles in Wound Healing.

BACKGROUND

Chronic wounds remain a major global health challenge, characterized by persistent inflammation, biofilm formation, oxidative stress, and impaired angiogenesis. Despite extensive research on biopolymers and phytochemicals for wound management, an integrated framework that combines agro-derived excipients with nanomedicine-based delivery systems is still limited.

OBJECTIVE

This review introduces a hybrid carrier strategy combining chitosan and sago-derived sodium starch glycolate (SSG) for the nanoformulation of α-mangostin (α-MG) in chronic wound therapy. The concept integrates biomaterials science and phytopharmaceutical delivery to address both biological and formulation-related challenges.

METHODS

A structured literature search was conducted using Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar to identify peer-reviewed studies on chitosan-based dressings, SSG functional properties, and α-MG nanoformulations. The findings were critically synthesized to evaluate physicochemical characteristics, biological activities, and translational considerations.

RESULTS

Chitosan provides hemostatic, antibiofilm, and immunomodulatory properties due to its cationic nature, while sago-derived SSG functions as a swelling matrix that regulates hydration and maintains moisture balance. Incorporation of α-MG, known for its antibacterial and antioxidant activity but limited by poor solubility, enables a biphasic delivery profile with an initial antimicrobial effect followed by sustained anti-inflammatory activity. Preclinical evidence indicates improved wound closure, reduced infection risk, and enhanced tissue regeneration.

CONCLUSION

Chitosan-SSG hybrid systems represent a promising and sustainable platform for α-MG delivery in wound care. This review highlights their synergistic potential and outlines future directions for translational development in chronic wound management.