Anemia in surgical intensive care patients.

BACKGROUND

The cause of the anemia of patients in surgical intensive care units (SICU) is not completely clear but is likely to be multifactorial. This study investigated a possible role for immune activation in the anemia of SICU patients.

METHODS

Neopterin plasma levels, as a measure of T-cell-macrophage-axis activation, RBC-counts, Hb, Hct, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW, HDW, red cell morphology and iron status were determined in a group of 47 SICU patients.

RESULTS

The study confirms the presence of a moderate anemia (Hb = 10.38 +/- 13 g/dL) in SICU patients. Abnormal red blood cell morphology was observed in 82% of all patients over at least part of their ICU-stay. Markedly enhanced T-cell-macrophage-axis activity was evidenced by a significant increase in the plasma neopterin levels of the patient group (44 +/- 79.6 nmol/L) compared to that of the control group (3.38 +/- 4.9 nmol/L). Iron metabolism was found to be disturbed.

CONCLUSIONS

The red cell distribution width, the morphological results, the enhanced macrophage activation state, as well as the results of the iron status, point towards a contribution of an immune-associated functional iron deficiency to the anemia of SICU patients.