Horseshoe kidneys: a 40-year experience.

The results presented show that horseshoe kidney is a non-fatal anomaly of renal development that can be managed successfully by standard urologic procedures. Most clinical problems are caused by hydronephrosis and renal calculi. Careful attention to the anatomy, vasculature and drainage from renal pelves at the time of operation will assure good postoperative results. The Foley Y-V pyeloplasty is a highly effective procedure for relief of ureteropelvic junction obstruction in horseshoe kidneys. As with other genitourinary anomalies the presence of a horseshoe kidney should prompt a thorough urologic evaluation.