Exogenous expression of barley HvWRKY6 in wheat improves broad-spectrum resistance to leaf rust, Fusarium crown rot, and sharp eyespot.

Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a broad-spectrum plant defense phenomena controlled by the salicylic acid receptor NPR1. Key regulators of the SAR signaling pathway showed great potentials to improve crop resistance to various diseases. In our previous investigation, a barley transcription factor gene HvWRKY6 was identified as downstream of NPR1 during SAR. However, the broad-spectrum resistance features and molecular mechanisms of HvWRKY6 remain to be explored. In this study, a transgenic wheat line exogenously expressing HvWRKY6 showed improved resistance to leaf rust, Fusarium crown rot (FCR), and sharp eyespot. The model pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 was employed to induce the SAR response in wheat plants' leaf region adjacent to the infiltration area. Transcriptome sequencing revealed activation of broad-spectrum defense responses by expressing HvWRKY6 in a pathogen-independent manner. Based on the differentially expressed genes in plant hormone signal transduction, we speculated that the enhanced resistance in HvWRKY6-OE wheat transgenic line was associated with activation of the salicylic acid pathway and suppression of the abscisic acid and jasmonic acid pathways. These findings suggest that the transgenic line HvWRKY6-OE might be applied for the genetic improvement of wheat to several fungal diseases; the underlying resistance mechanism was clarified.