Endothelial specular microscopy in children with retrolental fibroplasia undergoing open-sky vitrectomy.

Thirty-three patients aged 4 to 63 months with extensive retinal detachment due to cicatricial retrolental fibroplasia (RLF) and two non-RLF patients aged 26 and 81 months with normal corneas underwent specular microscopy and ultrasonic pachymetry during examination under anesthesia. Thirty-six eyes of preoperative RLF patients without anterior synechiae and 4 eyes of the two non-RLF patients had high endothelial cell density (ECD) of 5,105 +/- 790.4/mm2 (mean +/- SD) and 4,377 +/- 141.7/mm2, respectively, and increased corneal thickness. The ECD value showed significant negative correlation with vertical corneal diameter (P less than 0.005), but not with age. The ECD values, corrected to average adult corneal size, were 3,900 +/- 550/mm2, which were close to values extrapolated from adult ECD data. The average cell loss for 10 eyes undergoing specular microscopy before and after open-sky vitrectomy was 15%, but 8 of these eyes showed an unchanged ECD ratio of 0.79-1.3 between the two measurements. Furthermore, 17 eyes which were examined only postoperatively also showed a high average ECD of 4,175 +/- 1,012/mm2.