[Biopsychosocial intervention for chronic non-cancer pain in Primary Care].

BACKGROUND

Non-oncological chronic pain is one of the leading causes of disability and reduced quality of life worldwide. Its management in Primary Care is essential due to its accessibility and continuity. Based on the biopsychosocial model, which integrates physical, psychological, and social factors, this study evaluated the effectiveness of a group intervention for patients with non-oncological chronic pain treated in this setting.

METHODS

A randomized, controlled, single-blind clinical trial was conducted with 64 participants divided into an experimental group (n=31) and a control group (n=33). The experimental group participated in a 13-week multicomponent program combining pain neurophysiology education, cognitive-behavioral therapy, mindfulness, and coping strategies. Pain intensity, quality of life, functional capacity, anxiety and depression symptoms, coping, and medication use were assessed.

RESULTS

The results showed that the experimental group experienced a significant improvement in anxiety and depressive symptoms (mean reductions of -3.32 in BDI-II and -1.55 in Hamilton), with medium-to-large effect sizes. Improvements were also observed in quality of life and active coping, along with a trend toward reduced medication use.

CONCLUSIONS

In conclusion, the biopsychosocial intervention may represent a complementary resource for the management of non-oncological chronic pain in primary care; however, studies with larger sample sizes are required to confirm its full effectiveness and its medium and long-term impact.