Patients who fall: how to predict and prevent injuries.

Approximately 30% of persons over age 65 who are independent and living on their own will fall each year. Falls in this age group result in a bone fracture 5% of the time and account for 250,000 hip fractures each year. Risk factors for falls involve both environmental hazards and host issues. Evaluation of the patient, his or her living conditions, and any personal unsafe behaviors can identify those at risk for falling. Efforts to prevent falls in the elderly have involved education, strengthening exercises, medication evaluation, and environmental improvements. Patients in preventive programs have shown a tendency to fall less often and improved confidence in performing normal daily activities.