[Changes in the deglutition reflex during the perioperative period].

The swallowing reflex is one of the major mechanisms protecting the lungs against aspiration of foreign material. Its complex time course requires a perfect coordination with ventilation, as the aerodigestive crossroads are common for both functions. Physiological factors as ageing, as well as mechanical and pharmacological agents, may contribute to swallowing reflex alterations. Moreover, endotracheal intubation and most anaesthetic agents may impair the swallowing function and favour the occurrence of aspiration. This review discusses the normal swallowing process and its alterations by agents currently used in anaesthesia. Furthermore, the effect of intubation as well as changes related to co-existing diseases are considered.