Cardiovascular Hemodynamics and Brain Health in Congenital Heart Disease.

In this article, we detail common neuroimaging findings in fetuses and neonates with significant forms of congenital heart disease. We review the observations of abnormal brain development beginning in utero and the high incidence of acquired brain injury after birth, both of which are independently associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes. We review known risk factors contributing to both abnormal brain growth and development as well as acquired brain injury. We review opportunities to modify risk factors to optimize brain health beginning in utero in this population of patients.