The Effect of Age, Sex, and Lesion Location on Initial Presentation in Patients with Brain Arteriovenous Malformations.

OBJECTIVE

To identify whether age, sex, and lesion location are associated with initial presentation in patients with brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs).

METHODS

Collected data of 3299 consecutive patients with AVM treated at Beijing Tiantan Hosptial from January 1980 to January 2015 were analyzed. The variables assessed were age at diagnosis, sex, AVM location, and mode of initial presentation.

RESULTS

Initial presentation was AVM hemorrhage in 57.9%, seizure in 20.9%, chronic headache in 14.9%, focal neurologic deficit in 5.2%, and incidental in 1.2%. Younger age and female sex were associated with initial hemorrhage (all P < 0.05). Hemorrhage was more likely to occur in patients with AVMs in the basal ganglia, the corpus callosum, the ventricles, the cerebellum, and the brainstem (all P < 0.05). Male sex was associated with initial seizure (P < 0.05). Initial seizure was more likely to occur in patients with AVMs in the frontal, temporal, parietal, frontotemporal, and frontoparietal lobe (all P < 0.05). Compared with frontal AVMs, temporal AVMs were more likely to present with hemorrhage (P < 0.05) and less likely to present with seizure (P < 0.05). AVMs involving the occipital lobe were more likely to present with chronic headaches (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

Initial AVM presentation varied with patient age, sex, and AVM locations. Younger age, female sex, and deep and infratentorial locations may be associated with initial hemorrhage. Male sex and frontal, temporal, and parietal AVM locations may be predictors of initial seizure. Chronic headache was more likely to occur in patients with AVMs involving the occipital lobe.