Anesthetic management of congenital tracheoesophageal fistula.

This article reviews (a) risk factors and preoperative considerations of the patient with tracheoesophageal fistula, (b) anesthetic management, including (i) airway management, (ii) induction of anesthesia and monitoring and (iii) postoperative disposition, (c) considerations for concomitant congenital heart disease, (d) considerations for thoracoscopic repair and (e) long-term outcomes and considerations of the patient with repaired esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula.