Seroprevalence and risk factors of African horse sickness in equines in central Gondar, Ethiopia.

African horse sickness is a severe vector-borne viral disease of equines, associated with high mortality and substantial economic losses. In Ethiopia, where equines are essential for transport and agriculture, the disease remains endemic, yet epidemiological data are limited in many areas. This study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of African horse sickness virus (AHSV) and describe variation in seropositivity across selected factors in equines in the Central Gondar Zone, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2024 to August 2025, during which 384 serum samples were collected and tested using a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (bELISA). Of these, 310 were seropositive, giving an overall seroprevalence of 80.7% (95% CI: 76.4-84.6%). Seroprevalence was slightly higher in East Dembia (81.3%) than in West Dembia (79.9%). Univariable logistic regression showed no statistically significant associations between seropositivity and the evaluated variables (p > 0.05). Although not statistically significant, higher odds were observed in donkeys and horses compared to mules, in older animals, and under sheltered management conditions. These findings indicate widespread exposure to AHSV in the study area. However, results should be interpreted cautiously due to the descriptive nature of the analysis. Further studies incorporating larger sample sizes, multivariable approaches, and complementary diagnostic methods are recommended to better understand infection dynamics. Strengthened vaccination, improved management practices, and effective vector control remain essential for reducing disease impact.