Nature communications · 2026
Single-cell analyses identify the ginseng embryonic protoderm as a native compartment for high-efficiency ginsenoside production.
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Liu Juan, Zhai Ning, Zhang Shiyi, Tamada Yosuke, Li Tonghui, Zhang Linfan, Chen Tong, Wang Chenglin, Yang Jian, Gao Jiaqi, Li Xiang, Zhou Junhui, Zhang Yonghong, Liu Yu, Wang Yuan, Friml Jiří, Benková Eva, Li Chen, Xu Lin, Huang Luqi
Аннотация
Ginseng (Panax ginseng) derives its renowned therapeutic properties from ginsenoside metabolites. However, the long cultivation cycle and susceptibility to diseases hinder the advancement of the ginseng industry. Here, we demonstrate that the embryonic protoderm of ginseng can efficiently produce ginsenosides. Single-cell transcriptome and mass spectrometry imaging analyses reveal that ginsenosides accumulate in the protoderm of ginseng embryonic callus (EC) at levels comparable to those in forest ginseng. Epigenetic analyses indicate that elevated histone acetylation and enhanced chromatin accessibility at regeneration- and ginsenoside metabolism-related gene loci are associated with the ginsenoside-producing capacity of EC. Increasing histone acetylation levels or overexpressing the regeneration-related WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX11 (WOX11) gene further enhances ginsenoside production in EC. Our findings suggest that the protoderm of EC could serve as an in situ biological compartment for high-efficiency ginsenoside producion, offering a complementary approach to traditional ginseng cultivation.