[Cataract in children--not only an ophthalmological problem].

Cataract is an opacity of the lens that leads to loss of vision and even blindness. It is responsible for 10.7-14% of the children who are blind. The etiology of cataract is unknown. Cataract in children can be congenital or acquired, unilateral or bilateral. Unilateral congenital cataract is an important cause of amblyopia and strabismus. Cataract can occur as an isolated disorder or as coexisting problem with other diseases. Differential diagnostics requires a number of tests regarding the patient and his relatives. The management should be complex including prophylaxis, diagnosis and treatment. The treatment is predominantly surgical with ocular rehabilitation following. In some cases, for example in some inborn errors of metabolism early prophylactic procedure and specialistic paediatric treatment are needed.