Sleep medicine · 2026
Sleep patterns and determinants of sleep disturbances in preschool children in the CoAlHaS cohort.
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Sanchez-Piorno L, Gomez-Acebo I, Alonso-Molero J, Valero-Dominguez S, Llorente-Pelayo S, Lechosa-Muñiz C, Cabero-Perez M, Dierssen-Sotos T
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: Sleep disturbances represent a significant public health concern from early childhood, given the long-term implications for health and development. This study examined sleep patterns and factors associated with sleep disturbances in preschool-aged children.
METHODS: Data were collected from 1287 participants (544 born in 2018 and 743 born in 2020/21) within the CoAlHaS cohort (Cantabria, Spain). Baseline information was obtained at birth, with follow-up data collected through face-to-face visits, including parent interviews, anthropometric measurements and linkage to medical records. Sleep patterns and disturbances were assessed by the Spanish version of the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ-SP). Children were classified as 'poor sleepers' using the validated Spanish threshold of 50.35 points. Associations with perinatal, lifestyle and sociodemographic factors were analysed using one-way ANOVA, independent-samples t-tests and multivariable logistic regression.
RESULTS: The prevalence of sleep problems was 36.22% in the total sample. Recommended sleep duration was generally met, although patterns varied between cohorts. Globally, prematurity (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.24-3.56), increased screen time exposure (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01-1.10) and late bedtimes (OR 1.46, 95% CI 0.99-2.13) were linked to being a poor sleeper, whereas higher maternal educational attainment (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.40-0.96) and younger age (OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.07-0.77) were associated with reduced odds.
CONCLUSION: Sleep disturbances are frequent among early childhood, despite achieving recommended sleep duration. Early identification of children at risk and targeted interventions focusing on sleep routines and modifiable family-level factors could be essential to improve sleep habits.
METHODS: Data were collected from 1287 participants (544 born in 2018 and 743 born in 2020/21) within the CoAlHaS cohort (Cantabria, Spain). Baseline information was obtained at birth, with follow-up data collected through face-to-face visits, including parent interviews, anthropometric measurements and linkage to medical records. Sleep patterns and disturbances were assessed by the Spanish version of the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ-SP). Children were classified as 'poor sleepers' using the validated Spanish threshold of 50.35 points. Associations with perinatal, lifestyle and sociodemographic factors were analysed using one-way ANOVA, independent-samples t-tests and multivariable logistic regression.
RESULTS: The prevalence of sleep problems was 36.22% in the total sample. Recommended sleep duration was generally met, although patterns varied between cohorts. Globally, prematurity (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.24-3.56), increased screen time exposure (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01-1.10) and late bedtimes (OR 1.46, 95% CI 0.99-2.13) were linked to being a poor sleeper, whereas higher maternal educational attainment (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.40-0.96) and younger age (OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.07-0.77) were associated with reduced odds.
CONCLUSION: Sleep disturbances are frequent among early childhood, despite achieving recommended sleep duration. Early identification of children at risk and targeted interventions focusing on sleep routines and modifiable family-level factors could be essential to improve sleep habits.