Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
Proteomics of post mortem brains in early- and late-onset Alzheimer's disease: Unraveling differential Aβ effects and potential AD biomarkers.
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Thanou Evangelia, Ganz Andrea, Pita-Illobre Débora, Koopmans Frank, Hoozemans Jeroen J M, Rozemuller Annemieke, Holstege Henne, Smit August B, Li Ka Wan
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease (AD) occurs primarily as late‑onset (LOAD) and less frequently as early‑onset (EOAD). Its defining pathologies are hyperphosphorylated tau tangles and amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques.
METHODS: We analyzed the proteomes of 115 post mortem temporal lobe samples by mass spectrometry and searched with a dedicated AD spectral library including tau post‑translational modifications and Aβ isoforms to examine global protein changes in LOAD and EOAD.
RESULTS: AD tissues showed mitochondrial and synaptic pathway downregulation and immune and small‑molecule metabolic process upregulation, with EOAD exhibiting larger fold changes. AD biomarkers were elevated, and two multi‑phosphorylated tau peptides (p‑tau231/p-tau235 and p-tau231/p-tau235/p-tau237) were detected predominantly in AD. Aβ was present in 45% of cognitively unimpaired elderly controls, with subtle proteome changes resembling an early stage of neurodegeneration.
DISCUSSION: EOAD appears more aggressive. Tau p-tau231/p-tau235 and p-tau231/p-tau235/p-tau237 hold promise as novel AD biomarkers. Aβ's detection in cognitively unimpaired elderly controls precedes clinical AD symptoms.
METHODS: We analyzed the proteomes of 115 post mortem temporal lobe samples by mass spectrometry and searched with a dedicated AD spectral library including tau post‑translational modifications and Aβ isoforms to examine global protein changes in LOAD and EOAD.
RESULTS: AD tissues showed mitochondrial and synaptic pathway downregulation and immune and small‑molecule metabolic process upregulation, with EOAD exhibiting larger fold changes. AD biomarkers were elevated, and two multi‑phosphorylated tau peptides (p‑tau231/p-tau235 and p-tau231/p-tau235/p-tau237) were detected predominantly in AD. Aβ was present in 45% of cognitively unimpaired elderly controls, with subtle proteome changes resembling an early stage of neurodegeneration.
DISCUSSION: EOAD appears more aggressive. Tau p-tau231/p-tau235 and p-tau231/p-tau235/p-tau237 hold promise as novel AD biomarkers. Aβ's detection in cognitively unimpaired elderly controls precedes clinical AD symptoms.