Effects of demineralization and devolatilization on fast pyrolysis behaviors and product characteristics of penicillin mycelial residues.

In this study, the effects of demineralization and devolatilization methods including of water washing (WW), torrefaction (TF), washing-torrefaction (WT) and hydrothermal treatment (HT) on the fast pyrolysis characteristics of penicillin mycelial residues were studied. The materials and pyrolysis products were characterized by analysis methods including of thermogravimetric (TG), gas chromatograph (GC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), x-ray diffractometer (XRD), fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), etc. The results showed WW increased the yields of tar and decreased the yields of pyrolysis biochar due to the removal of alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEMs), while TF and HT showed opposite results due the devolatilization. XPS and FT-IR results proved that the conversion from aliphatic C-(C, H) to aromatic groups C-O-C and CO was the key point for improving the aromatization of biochar. Pretreatments increased the relative proportions of N-containing heterocyclic compounds and phenolic compounds, reduced the proportions of O-containing heterocyclic compounds in pyrolysis tar. And TF and HT could eliminate the residual antibiotic and satisfy the principle of AMR harmless disposal.