Protective and Detoxifying Effects of Myrtus communis Essential Oil Against Bisphenol A-Induced Metabolic Disturbances in Wistar Rats.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disruptor widely used in industrial and consumer products. Its release into the environment raises major health concerns, particularly regarding metabolic disorders. After exposure, BPA leads to the accumulation of free BPA and its main metabolites, including bisphenol A-glucuronide (BPA-G), bisphenol A-disulfate (BPA-DS), and its chlorinated derivative, chlorinated bisphenol A-diglucuronide (BPA-DC). This study is aimed at evaluating the detoxifying effect of essential oil of Myrtus communis (EOMC) at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, and vitamin E (100 mg/kg), in male Wistar rats exposed to BPA (100 mg/kg). Results showed a significant decrease in serum levels of BPA and its metabolites, along with increased urinary excretion, indicating enhanced biotransformation and elimination. BPA exposure also elevated fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate, propionate, and butyrate, suggesting microbial dysbiosis and altered fermentation. EOMC and vitamin E treatments normalized SCFA profiles, demonstrating a modulatory effect on gut microbiota. The detection of α-pinene and 1,8-cineole in serum confirmed systemic bioavailability of EOMC and its role in detoxification. Overall, these findings highlight the protective effect of EOMC and vitamin E against BPA bioaccumulation and support their potential as natural detoxifying agents.