The American journal of emergency medicine · 2026
Diagnostic pitfalls of STI-related pelvic inflammatory disease.
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Meller Nir, Hassidov-Rosenberg Lior, Saukhat Olga, Shaham Lital, GIlat Efrat Keren, Peretz-Machluf Ravit
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: To describe diagnostic and triage pitfalls in patients with CT-imaged, STI-confirmed pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in the emergency department (ED) settings, and to identify factors associated with missed diagnosis and non-gynecologic admission.
METHODS: Single-center, retrospective cohort (2016-2024) of women who underwent computed tomography (CT) scan during ED evaluation, tested positive for Chlamydia trachomatis and/or Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and clinically diagnosed with PID. Missed PID diagnosis was defined as (i) discharge after the initial gynecologic ED evaluation without a PID diagnosis or (ii) admission to Internal Medicine/General Surgery rather than Gynecology among hospitalized patients. Univariable comparisons used Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests.
RESULTS: Forty-four women were included (mean age 32.7 years). GI symptoms were common (nausea 52.3%, vomiting 34.1%), while fever >38 °C was uncommon (6.8%). CT was interpreted as suggestive of PID in 52.3% of cases. Overall, 68.2% were discharged after the initial gynecologic ED evaluation without a diagnosis of PID. Among twenty-nine hospitalized patients, 51.7% were admitted to Gynecology and 48.3% to Internal Medicine/General Surgery. Correct PID diagnosis at initial evaluation was associated with CT interpreted as PID (78.6% vs 40.0%, p = 0.02). Non-gynecologic admission was associated with nausea (85.7% vs 33.3%, p = 0.004), fewer specific ultrasound findings (14.3% vs 57.1%, p = 0.02), and higher white blood cell count (15.8 vs 11.0 K/μL, p = 0.02).
CONCLUSION: In CT-imaged, STI-confirmed PID, missed diagnosis, and non-gynecologic triage were frequent, particularly in gastrointestinal-dominant presentations and when imaging lacked specific PID features. Integrating PID more explicitly into acute abdominal pain pathways may improve the timely recognition and treatment of PID.
METHODS: Single-center, retrospective cohort (2016-2024) of women who underwent computed tomography (CT) scan during ED evaluation, tested positive for Chlamydia trachomatis and/or Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and clinically diagnosed with PID. Missed PID diagnosis was defined as (i) discharge after the initial gynecologic ED evaluation without a PID diagnosis or (ii) admission to Internal Medicine/General Surgery rather than Gynecology among hospitalized patients. Univariable comparisons used Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests.
RESULTS: Forty-four women were included (mean age 32.7 years). GI symptoms were common (nausea 52.3%, vomiting 34.1%), while fever >38 °C was uncommon (6.8%). CT was interpreted as suggestive of PID in 52.3% of cases. Overall, 68.2% were discharged after the initial gynecologic ED evaluation without a diagnosis of PID. Among twenty-nine hospitalized patients, 51.7% were admitted to Gynecology and 48.3% to Internal Medicine/General Surgery. Correct PID diagnosis at initial evaluation was associated with CT interpreted as PID (78.6% vs 40.0%, p = 0.02). Non-gynecologic admission was associated with nausea (85.7% vs 33.3%, p = 0.004), fewer specific ultrasound findings (14.3% vs 57.1%, p = 0.02), and higher white blood cell count (15.8 vs 11.0 K/μL, p = 0.02).
CONCLUSION: In CT-imaged, STI-confirmed PID, missed diagnosis, and non-gynecologic triage were frequent, particularly in gastrointestinal-dominant presentations and when imaging lacked specific PID features. Integrating PID more explicitly into acute abdominal pain pathways may improve the timely recognition and treatment of PID.