Preparation of gangue-based PKSPGM@ZHS and photocatalytic synergistic adsorption of Ph photocatalytic synergistic adsorption performance study.

For the effective removal of phenol from the environment, photocatalytic synergistic adsorption is currently one of the key methods. By leveraging the polysaccharide backbone structure of sodium alginate (SA), Zinc hydroxystannate (ZHS) was introduced into the gel structure using a co-precipitation technique. Additionally, gangue waste was repurposed through a polymerization reaction. This approach not only enhanced the specific surface area of the gel material but also compensated for its limited absorption in the visible light spectrum. As a result, the PKSPGM@ZHS was successfully synthesized. The adsorption of Ph by PKSPGM@ZHS in the dark reaction phase aligns with the quasi-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir model, it shows that this is a spontaneous exothermic process, and its photocatalytic process conforms to the Langmuir-Hinshelwood first-order reaction kinetics model, where ZHS undergoes a series of reactions to generate ·OH radicals from ·O2- in the presence of photocatalysis. Ph can be degraded to CO2 and H2O through a series of reactions, thereby achieving complete removal of Ph from wastewater solutions, with a removal rate reaching up to 70 %. After 5 cycles of adsorption/photocatalysis tests, KSPGM@ZHS still h exhibits a high removal efficiency, with the removal rate remaining at 54.26%. This demonstrates its excellent recyclability.