Raynaud's phenomenon.

Many persons are affected by the phenomenon known as Raynaud's. Raynaud's is classified in 2 ways-as Raynaud's disease or Raynaud's syndrome. Classification is based on the presence of associated conditions. Raynaud's is characterized by vasospasm-induced color changes of the fingers, toes, and ears. The fingers are most commonly affected. Studies involving cause, diagnosis, and treatment have been instituted with varied results. Diagnosis is primarily based on clinical symptoms involving digital color changes. Treatment is aimed at prevention of attacks and includes medication, stress reduction, and avoidance of vasoconstricting agents. Whether the phenomenon will develop into a more serious condition with which Raynaud's is associated is important. This article describes the etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and nursing implications with regard to Raynaud's.