Quercetin-cyclodextrin combination effects on cytochrome P450 genes, oxidative stress and ovarian function in PCOS rats.

This study investigates the effect of the quercetin/cyclodextrin (Que/β-CD) complex on oxidative stress, cytochrome P450 gene expression, and ovarian tissue structure in a rat polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) model. The Que/β-CD complexes were synthesized using the solvent evaporation method and characterized via scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Thirty female Wistar rats (6 weeks old, 160-180 g) with regular estrous cycles were randomly divided into six experimental groups: control, PCOS, PCOS treated with Que, PCOS adminstrated the β-CD, PCOS recivied metformin, and PCOS given Que/β-CD complex. Following model induction and treatments, tissue and gene expression analyses were performed. Characterization confirmed the successful synthesis of Que/β-CD complex. PCOS rats showed increased weight and higher number of atretic follicles compared to the controls (p < 0.01), which were effectively decreased after Que/β-CD treatment. Additionally, PCOS rats had reduced corpora lutea and CYP19A expression levels (p < 0.01), which were enhanced after Que/β-CD administration. Elevated CYP11A and CYP17A gene expression in PCOS rats markedly diminished with Que/β-CD treatment, indicating an improvement in disease symptoms. Oxidant levels, higher in PCOS rats (p < 0.01), meaningfully decreased after treatment with metformin, Que, or Que/β-CD (p < 0.0001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). Overall, Que/β-CD treatment in the PCOS model resulted in to a significant decrease in body and ovary weights, number of cysts, atretic follicles, and oxidative stress markers, accompanied by a notable increase in corpora lutea, CYP19A expression, and antioxidant activity. These findings highlight Que/β-CD's therapeutic potential in managing PCOS symptoms.