[Treatment type 1 diabetes in children].

Type 1 diabetes in children is an increasingly condition, even in young children. Medical care combines insulin therapy, a balanced diet meeting nutritional children's needs, physical activity and therapeutic education of patients and caregivers. Blood glucose monitoring can be performed using capillary blood tests or use of continuous monitoring glucose sensors help providing comfort and accuracy. Insulin treatment follows a basal bolus regiment which can be delivered by insulin pen or insulin pump. Functional insulin therapy is often proposed and consists in adjusting insulin dose according to the amount of carbohydrates consumed. Hybrid closed-loop system incorporates an algorithm that adapts insulin doses delivered by the pump based on the patient's blood glucose level. It helps glycemic control and reducing diabetes burden. Preclinical diagnosis of diabetes could help preventing diabetic ketoacidosis, improving metabolic control and proposing treatments that can delay appearance of diabetes symptoms and need of insulin. It represents a major challenge for following years.