Chronic Hepatitis B and Nephrotic Syndrome in Children: Treatment Outcomes.

Hepatitis B-related glomerulonephritis (GN) is an uncommon but important cause of renal morbidity in children. While immunosuppressive therapy has been tried along with antivirals for treatment, some children may undergo spontaneous remission or achieve remission with antivirals alone. We retrospectively studied the outcomes of children with nephrotic syndrome (NS) and chronic hepatitis B infection treated at our nephrology clinic over a five years period; seven children were included of which six (86%) presented with NS and one with nephritic syndrome. Renal biopsy (done in 5 children) showed membranous GN in two (40%), membranoproliferative GN in one (20%), and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in two (40%). Entecavir therapy was started in 6/7(86%) and four (57%) achieved remission after a median period of 2.7 months and achieved hepatitis B e-antigen seroconversion after mean duration of 1.2 years of treatment with entecavir; the remaining achieved remission with immunosuppression with calcineurin inhibitors.