Craniosynostosis and 3-dimensional computed tomography.

Craniosynostosis is when cranial sutures fuse prematurely. It causes cosmetic deformity and may limit brain growth with more serious consequences, such as hydrocephalus. It may involve one or more sutures, may be syndromic, and is thought most likely to result from genetic causes. Specific sutural closures result in reproducible cranial appearances and head shapes. Three-dimensional computed tomography has become the standard for preoperative diagnosis to allow surgical planning as well as postsurgical assessment. Early diagnosis allows early surgical management, which improves outcome. Nonsyndromic and syndromic craniosynostoses are illustrated in this pictorial review.