[Epidemiology and risk factors of the cervical squamous cell carcinoma].

Neoplasm of the cervix, especially squamous cell cancer, is one of the most common malignancy of female genital organs. It etiology is complex; however, human papilloma virus (mostly HPV type 18, 16 and 45) infection seems to be the most important one. Other risk factors include: early sexual initiation, multiple pregnancies and labors, concomitant infections (Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhea, HSV2 - herpes simplex virus) of the genital tract, AIDS, immunosuppressive therapy, smoking and low socioeconomic status. The incidence of cervical cancer is particularly high in developing countries, while in countries where government founding for the prevention and health education is high, the diseases is significantly less likely to occur. The incidence and mortality rate of the cervical cancer can be substantially reduced by systematic screening cytological examinations. For such reason a liquid-based cytology is currently preferred. Implementation of HPV vaccines decrease the risk of infection, but effect on rate of the cervical cancer has to be confirmed in long-time prospective clinical and epidemiological studies.