Effects of a remedial program on visual-motor perception in spina bifida children.

Most studies dealing with spina bifida children concentrate on medical or physical factors, largely ignoring any psychosocial and educational consequences. The present study assessed the effect of a remedial program on visual-motor perception in spina bifida children. Thirty-six spina bifida boys and girls (mean age 82.87 months) with a myelomeningocele and an associated hydrocephalus were assigned randomly to either a control, attention-placebo, or experimental group. Following the administration of the Frostig Program for the Development of Visual Perception, the experimental group significantly improved on a global index of visual perception and the five subtests of Frostig's Development Test of Visual Perception; at a maintenance test two months later, all treatment gains (except on the visual spatial perception subtest) were still evident. These results are discussed in terms of the provision of remedial education for spina bifida children, and a possible cognitive mechanism mediating the behavioral change in the experimental group.