Pediatric Optic Neuritis: An Update on Diagnosis and Management.

Pediatric optic neuritis (PON) is a potentially vision-threatening inflammatory/demyelinating condition with distinct clinical, radiologic, and immunologic profiles compared to adult cases. This review outlines the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic approach, and treatment strategies for PON, emphasizing the differentiation between clinically isolated PON, and that associated with demyelinating diseases such as neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease, and multiple sclerosis. Current evidence, treatment paradigms, and future research directions are discussed, providing a comprehensive guide for clinicians managing this complex disorder.