[Detection of vision disorders in newborn infants and children].

Early detection of visual deficits is of most importance in childhood. To be adequately treated; it requires systematic screening before 18 months of age. Basic tests include objective refraction study (skiascopy), preferential sight test with estimation of visual acuity which is possible after 3 months of age, and, if poor vision, is found, electroretinography evoked visual potentials is performed. Many disorders can be recognized early on and treated (mainly strabismus, congenital cataract or glaucoma). The early correction of refractive disorders results in good visual development and subsequent facility in reading and writing.