Sonography of congenital malformations of the brain.

A variety of congenital malformations of the brain can be diagnosed by cranial sonography. Those which alter macroscopic morphology can be recognized, the findings are similar to those seen on computed tomography and pneumoencephalography. The findings in the Chiari II malformation, agenesis of the corpus callosum, the Dandy-Walker syndrome, holoprosencephaly, lissencephaly, schizencephaly, tuberous sclerosis, and arteriovenous malformations are described in this chapter.