Antiproliferative activity of Neolamarckia cadamba (kelempayan) leaves methanol extract on human glioblastoma (U-87 MG) cells.

INTRODUCTION

Glioblastoma is a malignant brain tumor with a poor prognosis and high fatality rates. Current chemotherapy, primarily with temozolomide (TMZ), is limited by resistance and toxic side effects, underscoring the need for alternative treatments. This study investigates the antiproliferative properties of Neolamarckia cadamba (NC) leaves methanol extract on glioblastoma (U-87 MG) cells as a potential alternative treatment.

MATERIALS AND

METHODS

NC leaves were collected, dried, and extracted using methanol via maceration. Phytochemical screening identified active compounds, including phenolics, flavonoids and tannins. U-87 MG cells were cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum and 1% Penicillin- Streptomycin. The cells were treated with serial dilutions of NC extract and TMZ as a positive control for 24, 48 and 72 hours. Cytoselective of NC extract is conducted on noncancerous (Vero) cells. Cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTT assay, with IC50 values determined from doseresponse curves. Apoptotic induction was evaluated using Acridine Orange/Propidium Iodide (AO/PI) staining under a fluorescent microscope.

RESULTS

Phytochemical screening of NC leaves extract revealed active compounds such as phenolics, flavonoids, tannins and saponins. The MTT assay demonstrated doseand time-dependent cytotoxicity of NC extract, with IC50 values of 198.7 µg/mL (24 hours), 321.4 µg/mL (48 hours), and 126.3 µg/mL (72 hours). NC extract also shows cytoselective on Vero cells with an IC50 value of more than 100 µg/mL for all timeframes. AO/PI staining confirmed apoptosis induction of the NC extract on U-87 MG cells.

CONCLUSION

NC extract exhibited low potential as an alternative therapeutic agent for glioblastoma by inducing early apoptosis on U-87 MG cells.