Diverse Sesquiterpenoids With Antidiabetic Potency From the Fruits of Alpinia oxyphylla.

Five new sesquiterpenoids, alpinoxyphyllols C‒G (6‒10), and 13 known ones were isolated from the fruits of Alpinia oxyphylla. Their structures were determined by extensive 1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS, [α]D, and ECD spectroscopic data, and quantum chemical calculation. Compounds 1, 2, and 5 could promote the cellular glucose uptake by 15.0 %, 10.3 % and 20.7 % at 20 µM. Compound 3 showed inhibitory activity against both αglucosidase and PTP1B with inhibition rates of 42.5 ± 1.2% and 21.5 ± 1.6% at 200 µM. This study manifests that the eremophilane-type sesquiterpenoids in A. oxyphylla possess promising anti-diabetic potential and warrant further investigation.