Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in neonates and implications for its long-term impact.

Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is a significant cause of morbidity in neonates and young infants. SDB occurs more commonly in preterm infants and in neonates with underlying syndromes. Recent evidence shows that infants with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) or SDB have greater health care resource utilization, including longer hospital stay. Management of SDB includes non-invasive ventilation or surgical interventions tailored to the patient. Screening high risk newborns should allow for early diagnosis and timely therapeutic intervention for this population. However, the thresholds for diagnosing SDB and for guiding and implementing treatment in neonates remain unclear. A collective effort is required to standardize the practice worldwide. This article will discuss neonatal sleep physiology and characteristics of neonatal sleep, with an emphasis on the epidemiology and diagnosis of SDB in neonates and its implications for long term outcomes.