Optimization of diagnostic discrimination applied to the amniotic fluid lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio.

An unrecognized disparity frequently separates the intuitive reliance placed on laboratory information by those who produce it and those who use it. To harmonize these dissimilar perceptions requires quantitative measures of the information contained in laboratory data. The assay of the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio in amniotic fluid is used as an example to analyze the discriminatory ability of a test. This assay can be optimized from the different viewpoints of sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic effectiveness or value. In each case test results are interpreted in the light of different factors and so the optimal decision threshold to separate positive from negative results may vary. Appreciation of this concept would endow the interpretation of laboratory tests with the same flexibility traditionally available to other clinical information.