Choledochal cysts: special emphasis on the usefulness of intraoperative endoscopy.

Long-term complications after excisional surgery for choledochal cyst include stone formation within the intrahepatic bile duct (IHBD) and within the intrapancreatic portion of the bile duct (IPBD). The authors reviewed 180 patients with choledochal cysts (137 women) seen during a 30-year period and report their recent experience with intraoperative cyst endoscopy. Primary cyst excision with hepaticoenterostomy was performed in 150 cases, and a secondary cyst excision, after various lesser drainage procedures, in 24. Six children were treated early in the series with a cyst enterostomy. The mean age and follow-up period were 4.3 and 9.4 years, respectively. At surgery, dilatation of the IHBD was identified in 96 patients, and protein plugs or stones were observed in 31 common pancreaticobiliary channels. Fifty-five common channels were noted to be dilated. Hepaticojejunostomy was performed in 123 patients without intraoperative endoscopy. Late stone formation occurred within the IHBD in 4 of these cases and within residual segments of intrapancreatic cyst in 2 (mean age and follow-up period were 4.9 and 13.0 years, respectively). Intraoperative endoscopy was performed in 51 patients (mean age and follow-up period 3.6 and 4.3 years), and stone formation has not been observed in any patients in this group. Intraoperative cyst endoscopy is recommended as a valuable adjunct to choledochal cyst excision.