Electrostatic Interaction Analysis Between GM3 and Insulin Receptor.

The interaction between ganglioside GM3 and the insulin receptor suppresses receptor function and contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes, as demonstrated by experiments in living cells. However, due to the complexity of the cell membrane, detailed analysis of the GM3-insulin receptor interaction has been challenging. Therefore, a model system was constructed to analyze these interactions by synthesizing the transmembrane domain of fluorescently labeled insulin receptors and incorporating it into liposomes. In this chapter, the lipid composition of liposomes is investigated, demonstrating that 3D imaging can detect subtle differences in peptide localization. This model system will be a useful tool for detailed analysis of electrostatic interactions.