Ozone pollution as a possible trigger for multiple sclerosis in young people: the PEDIGREE study.
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Bergamaschi Roberto, Ferraro Ottavia Eleonora, Pisoni Enrico, Fronza Marzia, Bova Stefania, Annovazzi Pietro, Simone Marta, Gallo Antonio, Suppiej Agnese, Lanzillo Roberta, Rasia Sarah, Berardinelli Angela, Torri Clerici Valentina, Moiola Lucia, Viri Maurizio, Sotgiu Stefano, Malucchi Simona, Protti Alessandra, Canavese Carlotta, Lus Giacomo, Grimaldi Luigi Maria, Conti Marta, Borriello Giovanna, De Luca Giovanna, Tomassini Valentina, Priori Alberto, Tosi Martina, Pomella Nicola, Corona Andrea, Zollo Alen, Amato Maria Pia, Cocco Eleonora, Trojano Maria, Martinelli-Boneschi Filippo, Tavazzi Eleonora, Montomoli Cristina, D'Alfonso Sandra, Ghezzi Angelo, Pilotto Silvy, Pugliatti Maura, PEDIGREE Study Group
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the link between air pollutant exposure and pediatric MS (pedMS) in an Italian cohort.
METHODS: PEDIGREE (Pediatric Italian Genetic and Environment Exposure) is a multicenter case-control study investigating genetic and environmental factors in MS before the age of 18. Information on environmental and perinatal exposures was collected through the PEQ-IT questionnaire. Air pollution data during the first, second, and third years prior to MS onset (PM2.5, PM10, O3, NO2, SO2, and CO levels) were obtained from the European Monitoring and Evaluation Program database.
RESULTS: Data were available for 113 pedMS cases and 117 controls. We found statistically significant associations between pedMS and higher exposure to ozone (O3) in the first (OR = 1.11; 95% CI 1.03-1.19; p = 0.007), second (OR = 1.10; 95% CI 1.02-1.18; p = 0.012), and third (OR = 1.09; 95% CI 1.01-1.17; p = 0.025) year before MS onset, even after adjusting for gender, age at onset, sun exposure, parental smoking habit, and socioeconomic background. A one-unit increase in O3 exposure was associated with a roughly 10% increase in pedMS risk.
DISCUSSION: O3 may play a significant role in the development of MS by promoting inflammation and oxidative stress.