Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children and Their Parents in Southwest Germany.
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Tönshoff Burkhard, Müller Barbara, Elling Roland, Renk Hanna, Meissner Peter, Hengel Hartmut, Garbade Sven F, Kieser Meinhard, Jeltsch Kathrin, Grulich-Henn Jürgen, Euler Julia, Stich Maximilian, Chobanyan-Jürgens Kristine, Zernickel Maria, Janda Aleš, Wölfle Lena, Stamminger Thomas, Iftner Thomas, Ganzenmueller Tina, Schmitt Christian, Görne Tessa, Laketa Vibor, Olberg Sylvia, Plaszczyca Anna, Cortese Mirko, Bartenschlager Ralf, Pape Constantin, Remme Roman, Huzly Daniela, Panning Marcus, Weigang Sebastian, Giese Sebastian, Ciminski Kevin, Ankerhold Jakob, Kochs Georg, Schwemmle Martin, Handgretinger Rupert, Niemeyer Charlotte M, Engel Corinna, Kern Winfried V, Hoffmann Georg Friedrich, Franz Axel R, Henneke Philipp, Debatin Klaus-Michael, Kräusslich Hans-Georg
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: To describe the rate of SARS-CoV-2 infections and the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in children aged 1 to 10 years, compared with a corresponding parent of each child, in a population-based sample.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This large-scale, multicenter, cross-sectional investigation (the COVID-19 BaWü study) enrolled children aged 1 to 10 years and a corresponding parent between April 22 and May 15, 2020, in southwest Germany.
EXPOSURES: Potential exposure to SARS-CoV-2.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The main outcomes were infection and seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2. Participants were tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA from nasopharyngeal swabs by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibodies in serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and immunofluorescence tests. Discordant results were clarified by electrochemiluminescence immunoassays, a second enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, or an in-house Luminex-based assay.
RESULTS: This study included 4964 participants: 2482 children (median age, 6 [range, 1-10] years; 1265 boys [51.0%]) and 2482 parents (median age, 40 [range, 23-66] years; 615 men [24.8%]). Two participants (0.04%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. The estimated SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was low in parents (1.8% [95% CI, 1.2-2.4%]) and 3-fold lower in children (0.6% [95% CI, 0.3-1.0%]). Among 56 families with at least 1 child or parent with seropositivity, the combination of a parent with seropositivity and a corresponding child with seronegativity was 4.3 (95% CI, 1.19-15.52) times higher than the combination of a parent who was seronegative and a corresponding child with seropositivity. We observed virus-neutralizing activity for 66 of 70 IgG-positive serum samples (94.3%).
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this cross-sectional study, the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection during a period of lockdown in southwest Germany was particularly low in children aged 1 to 10 years. Accordingly, it is unlikely that children have boosted the pandemic. This SARS-CoV-2 prevalence study, which appears to be the largest focusing on children, is instructive for how ad hoc mass testing provides the basis for rational political decision-making in a pandemic.