Association Between Long-Term Ambient Noise Exposure and Coronary Artery Calcification in a Health Examination Population.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to investigate the association between long-term ambient noise exposure and coronary artery calcium (CAC) in a health examination population.

METHODS

A total of 613 individuals who underwent health examinations between January 2022 and June 2025 were enrolled. Participants were categorized into low-noise (<55 dB), moderate-noise (55-65 dB), and high-noise (≥65 dB) exposure groups. Clinical data were collected. The relationship between noise exposure and CAC was analyzed by using multivariable logistic and linear regression models.

RESULTS

The CAC detection rate significantly increased with increasing noise exposure levels ( P for trend <0.05). Multivariable linear regression analysis, after full adjustment for potential confounders (Model 3), revealed that compared with the low-exposure group, the moderate- and high-exposure groups had a significantly higher CAC score, with mean increases of 9.85 and 35.27 points, respectively (both P < 0.001). Furthermore, for every 10 dB increase in noise exposure levels, the high-exposure groups had 1.52- and 1.72-fold higher risks, respectively, than the low-exposure group (both P < 0.001). Additionally, for every 10 dB increase in nighttime noise levels, the risk of CAC positivity increased by 17% ( P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses demonstrated that the positive association between noise exposure and the CAC score was more pronounced among males, individuals aged ≥60 years, smokers, and those with hypertension or diabetes (all P for interaction <0.05) than in other patients.

CONCLUSION

Long-term ambient noise exposure is independently associated with an elevated CAC score and an increased prevalence of CAC positivity, with nighttime exposure showing a notable association. Specific populations may be highly vulnerable.