[HPV vaccination in boys and men : update and recommendations].

High-risk oncogenic HPVs (HR-HPV) are associated in men with pre-cancerous anal dysplasia, oropharyngeal, anal and penile cancer. Anogenital warts are induced by low-risk HPVs. These manifestations are increasing among men, and especially in some high-risk groups as men who have sex with men (MSM). This review targets HPV-associated disease epidemiology as well as safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy level of HPV vaccine in men. Obstacle and cost-effectiveness analysis of HPV vaccination are discussed. Three HPV vaccines are currently available in Belgium with the 9-valent (" 9HPV " - 6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58) offering protection against most of HPVassociated diseases. The safe 9-valent vaccine is efficient to prevent genital warts, anal dysplasia and it decreases the recurrence of genital warts and high grade anal neoplasia in MSM with or without HIV infection. In Europe, the 9-valent vaccine could prevent in men more than 350,000 genital warts, 5,485 oropharyngeal cancers, 2,303 anal cancers et 852 grade 2/3 intraepithelial neoplasia as well as 1,113 penile cancers per year. In the Federation Wallonie-Bruxelles, the vaccine coverage reaches currently 30 % in girls and is very low in boys and men.The Superior Health Council of Belgium (CSS) recommends since 2017 the gender-neutral HPV vaccination for people up to 26 years old and to immunocompromised patients. The implementation of the CSS HPV vaccine program and its acceptability among boys and men are discussed on the basis of the most recent epidemiologic data and available costeffectiveness analysis. Ways to overcome barriers to gender-neutral HPV vaccination are suggested.