Biological psychiatry · 2005
Influence of X chromosome and hormones on human brain development: a magnetic resonance imaging and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of Turner syndrome.
СтатьяПоддержка исследования: вне правительства СШАНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Cutter William J, Daly Eileen M, Robertson Dene M W, Chitnis Xavier A, van Amelsvoort Therese A M J, Simmons Andrew, Ng Virginia W K, Williams Benjamin S, Shaw Phillip, Conway Gerard S, Skuse David H, Collier David A, Craig Michael, Murphy Declan G M
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Women with Turner syndrome (TS; 45,X) lack a normal second X chromosome, and many are prescribed exogenous sex and growth hormones (GH). Hence, they allow us an opportunity to investigate genetic and endocrine influences on brain development.
METHODS: We examined brain anatomy and metabolism in 27 adult monosomic TS women and 21 control subjects with volumetric magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
RESULTS: In TS women, regional gray matter volume was significantly smaller in parieto-occipital cortex and caudate nucleus and larger in cerebellar hemispheres. White matter was reduced in the cerebellar hemispheres, parieto-occipital regions, and splenium of the corpus callosum but was increased in the temporal and orbitofrontal lobes and genui of corpus callosum. Women with TS had a significantly lower parietal lobe concentration of N-acetyl aspartate, and higher hippocampal choline. Also, among women with TS, there were significant differences in regional gray matter volumes and/or neuronal integrity, depending upon parental origin of X chromosome and oxandrolone and GH use.
CONCLUSIONS: X chromosome monosomy, imprinting and neuroendocrine milieu modulate human brain development-perhaps in a regionally specific manner.
METHODS: We examined brain anatomy and metabolism in 27 adult monosomic TS women and 21 control subjects with volumetric magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
RESULTS: In TS women, regional gray matter volume was significantly smaller in parieto-occipital cortex and caudate nucleus and larger in cerebellar hemispheres. White matter was reduced in the cerebellar hemispheres, parieto-occipital regions, and splenium of the corpus callosum but was increased in the temporal and orbitofrontal lobes and genui of corpus callosum. Women with TS had a significantly lower parietal lobe concentration of N-acetyl aspartate, and higher hippocampal choline. Also, among women with TS, there were significant differences in regional gray matter volumes and/or neuronal integrity, depending upon parental origin of X chromosome and oxandrolone and GH use.
CONCLUSIONS: X chromosome monosomy, imprinting and neuroendocrine milieu modulate human brain development-perhaps in a regionally specific manner.