Energy dependence of lipopolysaccharide translocation in Salmonella typhimurium.

Energy inhibitors block translocation of pulse-labeled core lipopolysaccharide to outer membrane under conditions which allow maintenance of constant specific radioactivity of intracellular precursor pools throughout the chase period. Under the conditions used, approximately 75% of the total cellular label was membrane-bound at initiation of chase. Translocation of core lipopolysaccharide from inner to outer membrane showed apparent first order kinetics (t1/2 = 1.2 min, 32 degrees C). Translocation was blocked by arsenate (5-10 mM) under conditions where proton motive force was unchanged, while the uncouplers 2,4-dinitrophenol (0.1 mM to 0.8 mM) and carbonyl cyanide-m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (12-30 microM) inhibited translocation with no apparent effect on the ATP pool. Therefore, core lipopolysaccharide translocation appears to require maintenance of both proton motive force and high energy phosphate pools. Electron microscopic experiments show no gross disruption of zones of adhesion, the putative sites of lipopolysaccharide translocation, in the presence of arsenate or 2,4-dinitrophenol suggesting that energy is not required simply for maintenance of these structures.