Is There an Increasing Regionalization of Surgical Repair of Craniosynostosis Procedures Into Teaching Hospitals? Implications of Regionalization.

Objective The objective of the present study is to examine whether surgical repairs for craniosynostosis have been regionalized to teaching hospitals over the 8-year period from 2003 to 2010. Design Retrospective analysis of hospital discharge database. Setting Nationwide Inpatient Sample for years 2003 to 2010. All patients aged up to 3 years who had a surgical repair for craniosynostosis were selected. Interventions Surgical repair for craniosynostosis. Main Outcome Measures Performance of surgery in a teaching hospital. Results During the study period (years 2003 to 2010), a total of 19,417 patients aged up to 3 years underwent a surgical repair for craniosynostosis. The number of surgical procedures increased during the study period. It ranged from 1628 procedures in year 2003 to 3001 procedures during 2010. Data show that 83.3% of all procedures in 2003 were performed in teaching hospitals; whereas, 97.5% of procedures in 2010 were performed in teaching hospitals. Following adjustment for patient-level factors, year 2010 was associated with increased odds of having the surgical procedures performed in a teaching hospital as opposed to a nonteaching hospital when compared with year 2003 (odds ratio = 10.43, 95% confidence interval, 1.10 to 98.98; P = .04). Conclusions An increasing proportion of surgical repairs of craniosynostosis are performed in teaching hospitals, suggesting there is an increasing concentration of these complex surgical procedures in select centers. As more longitudinal data become available, the relative benefits and drawbacks associated with regionalization of surgical repairs of craniosynostosis should be examined.