The International journal of pharmacy practice · 2025
A scoping review of evidence of community pharmacist independent prescribing for common clinical conditions: beyond protocol prescribing.
СтатьяScoping ReviewНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Karim Laura, McIntosh Trudi, Jebara Tesnime, Cunningham Scott
Аннотация
OBJECTIVES: Pharmacist independent prescribers (PIPs) enhance patient care but there is variability in their integration in community pharmacy (CP). The objective was to collate and characterize literature on the integration of 'standard of care' model PIPs in CP for acute common clinical conditions (CCCs).
METHODS: This review followed the Arksey and O'Malley framework. Eligibility criteria, search databases, and terms were defined. Information sources were searched from January 2006 to October 2023. Following screening, full text review, and data extraction a narrative synthesis approach was used to address the review objectives. All steps were independently checked by two of the review team. Barriers and facilitators for integration used the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research as a theoretical lens.
KEY FINDINGS: Ten papers remained for full text review from 1075 records. Most studies were from Canada and focused on pharmacist views, evaluation of safety, effectiveness, and patient satisfaction. A range of CCCs were included with a focus on antimicrobial prescribing. A wide range of barriers and facilitators influencing implementation were identified including; 'regulatory constraints' and 'fiscal challenges' at a macro socio-organizational level and several challenges within organizations; lack of clarity on the pharmacists' scopes of practice and linked consumer confusion, staffing levels, and workload with specific mention of paperwork and access to patient records.
CONCLUSIONS: Most evidence for CCC management by PIPs relates to antimicrobials, originates in Canada and identifies multiple challenges. Given this there is a need to consider this topic further to identify ways to address the challenges and facilitate integration of PIPs in CP.
METHODS: This review followed the Arksey and O'Malley framework. Eligibility criteria, search databases, and terms were defined. Information sources were searched from January 2006 to October 2023. Following screening, full text review, and data extraction a narrative synthesis approach was used to address the review objectives. All steps were independently checked by two of the review team. Barriers and facilitators for integration used the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research as a theoretical lens.
KEY FINDINGS: Ten papers remained for full text review from 1075 records. Most studies were from Canada and focused on pharmacist views, evaluation of safety, effectiveness, and patient satisfaction. A range of CCCs were included with a focus on antimicrobial prescribing. A wide range of barriers and facilitators influencing implementation were identified including; 'regulatory constraints' and 'fiscal challenges' at a macro socio-organizational level and several challenges within organizations; lack of clarity on the pharmacists' scopes of practice and linked consumer confusion, staffing levels, and workload with specific mention of paperwork and access to patient records.
CONCLUSIONS: Most evidence for CCC management by PIPs relates to antimicrobials, originates in Canada and identifies multiple challenges. Given this there is a need to consider this topic further to identify ways to address the challenges and facilitate integration of PIPs in CP.