CROI 2026: Antiretroviral THerapy in Adult, Maternal, and Pediatric Populations With HIV.

The 2026 Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections provided data on several investigational antiretroviral compounds with the potential for twice-yearly dosing. A complete yearly regimen seems likely to be available in the coming years. Data on doravirine/islatravir showed that this regimen is an effective 2-drug regimen in those initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) and in those switching from a suppressive regimen. Several abstracts on ART resistance were presented, focusing on the emergence of resistance to integrase strand transfer inhibitors and to lenacapavir. Recent data highlighted new strategies for the empiric treatment of severe pneumonia in infants with HIV, the potential for long-term ART-free remission using broadly neutralizing antibodies and very early initiation of ART, the evaluation of simplified and long-acting ART regimens, and optimizing transition services for adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV to adult care.