Update on Pediatric Hemodialysis Adequacy.

The use of high reflux dialyzers to achieve a Kt/Vurea above 1.2 did not improve patient survival in most literature reports. After an electronic search in many sites, guidelines, systematic reviews, and review articles (cited references): We recommend (1) using the equilibrated double-pool, weekly rather than per session, Kt/Vurea, (2) Use of UF-dry weight to avoid V changes, (3) consider protein catabolic Rate (4) Use of double pool to avoid urea generation rebound effect. Beyond the urea model, other recommended parameters include the middle molecule clearance and patient clinical data as blood pressure control, normal ventricular morphology, and function, absence of anemia, bone mineral disease, vascular calcifications, good nutrition and growth, long-lasting vascular access, less intra-dialysis hypotension, fewer hospitalizations related to complications as infection, long-term patient survival with better life quality. All mentioned parameters are the good markers for adequate dialysis. Since (1) frequent short and (or) slow long dialysis sessions show better solute clearance and hemodynamic stability associated with better control of cardiovascular and bone disease, anemia, nutrition, and growth with better quality of life and survival. (2) The spare in the cost of the antihypertensive medications, erythroid-stimulating drugs, phosphate binders, and frequent hospitalization, compensates for the high dialysis cost. (3) The use of some advisable techniques can minimize access trauma; therefore, HD Model can be changeable according to each patient's clinical and biochemical follow-up dialysis adequacy progress pattern.