Hydroxyzine, promethazine and thioridazine interaction with phospholipid monomolecular layers at the air-water interface.

In this work the interaction of Hydroxyzine, Promethazine and Thioridazine with Langmuir films of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (dpPC) and dipalmitoylphosphatidic acid (dpPA), is studied. Temporal variations in lateral surface pressure (pi) were measured at different initial pi (pi(i)), subphase pH and drug-concentration. Drugs with the smallest (PRO) and largest (HYD) molecular size exhibited the lowest adsorption (k(a)) and the highest desorption (k(d)) rate constant values, respectively. The affinity binding constants (K(b)) obtained in monolayers followed the same profile (K(b,PRO) < K(b,HYD) < K(b,THI)) of the egg-PC/water partition coefficients (P) determined in bilayers. The drug concentration required to reach the half-maximal Deltapi at pi(i) = 14 mN/m (K(0.5)), was very sensitive to pH. The maximal increment in pi upon drug incorporation into the monolayer (deltapi(max)) will depend on the phospholipid collapse pressure (pi(c)), the monolayers's compressibility and drug's size, shape and charge. The higher pi(c) of dpPC lead to higher pi(cut-off) values (maximal pi allowing drug penetration), if compared with dpPA. In dpPC and dpPA pi(cut-off) decreased as a function of the molecular size of the uncharged drugs. In dpPA, protonated drugs became electrostatically trapped at the monolayer surface hence drug penetration, monolayer deformation and pi increase were impaired and the correlation between pi(cut-off) and drug molecular size was lost.