Does active mobility reduce the likelihood of depression? Cross-sectional study in three Brazilian cities.

This study aimed to estimate the association between commuting by different modes of transport and self-reported depression among adults and older adults in three Brazilian cities. This is an observational study with a cross-sectional design, utilizing data from the household survey of the Healthy Urban Mobility (HUM) Project (2017-2018). The dependent variable was self-reported depression, and the independent variables were related to the different modes of transport used. In total, 3,296 individuals participated in the study, 1,107 in Brasília, 1,084 in Florianópolis, and 1,105 in Porto Alegre. Using bicycles was a protective factor for depression in Porto Alegre. On the other hand, using the subway/train increased the chances of depression in Brasília. Those who simultaneously rode bus/van and subway/train, and car/taxi and subway/train, were more likely to report depression in Brasília. In conclusion, this study found an association between commuting modes and self-reported depression. Cycling in Porto Alegre served as a protective factor, while non-active transportation increased the likelihood of depression in Brasília. These results highlight the need to promote active commuting as a public health strategy.