Italian journal of pediatrics · 2021
Optimizing gentamicin dosing in different pediatric age groups using population pharmacokinetics and Monte Carlo simulation.
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Ghoneim Ragia H, Thabit Abrar K, Lashkar Manar O, Ali Ahmed S
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: The use of once daily dosing of aminoglycosides in pediatrics is increasing but studies on dose optimization targeting the pediatric population are limited. This study aimed to derive a population pharmacokinetic model of gentamicin and apply it to design optimal dosing regimens in pediatrics.
METHODS: Population pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in pediatrics was described from a retrospective chart review of plasma gentamicin concentration data (peak/ trough levels) of pediatric patients (1 month - 12 years), admitted to non-critically ill pediatrics. Monte Carlo simulations were performed on the resulting pharmacokinetic model to assess the probability of achieving a Cmax/MIC target of 10 mg/L over a range of gentamicin MICs of 0.5-2 mg/L and once daily gentamicin dosing regimens.
RESULTS: A two-compartment model with additive residual error best described the model with weight incorporated as a significant covariate for both clearance and volume of distribution. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrated a good probability of target attainment even at a MIC of 2 mg/L, where neonates required doses of 6-7 mg/kg/day and older pediatrics required lower daily doses of 4-5 mg/kg/day while maintaining trough gentamicin concentration below the toxicity limit of 1 mg/L.
CONCLUSION: Once daily dosing is a reasonable option in pediatrics that allows target attainment while maintaining trough gentamicin level below the limits of toxicity.
METHODS: Population pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in pediatrics was described from a retrospective chart review of plasma gentamicin concentration data (peak/ trough levels) of pediatric patients (1 month - 12 years), admitted to non-critically ill pediatrics. Monte Carlo simulations were performed on the resulting pharmacokinetic model to assess the probability of achieving a Cmax/MIC target of 10 mg/L over a range of gentamicin MICs of 0.5-2 mg/L and once daily gentamicin dosing regimens.
RESULTS: A two-compartment model with additive residual error best described the model with weight incorporated as a significant covariate for both clearance and volume of distribution. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrated a good probability of target attainment even at a MIC of 2 mg/L, where neonates required doses of 6-7 mg/kg/day and older pediatrics required lower daily doses of 4-5 mg/kg/day while maintaining trough gentamicin concentration below the toxicity limit of 1 mg/L.
CONCLUSION: Once daily dosing is a reasonable option in pediatrics that allows target attainment while maintaining trough gentamicin level below the limits of toxicity.