Effects of scopolamine on antipredator defense reactions in wild and laboratory rats.

Two experiments were designed to investigate the effects of scopolamine hydrobromide (0.25-1.0 mg/kg), and its methyl derivative, on the defensive reactions of rats to nonpainful threat stimuli. In the first experiment, over the dose range studied neither compound significantly altered avoidance, freezing, defensive threat or attack in wild Rattus rattus confronted by the experimenter and other predator-related stimuli. Scopolamine hydrobromide did, however, produce a dose-dependent increase in flight distance; this effect was not seen with the methyl compound, confirming central cholinergic mediation. In the second experiment, no dose of either compound significantly altered the behaviour of Long-Evans rats prior to cat exposure. During cat exposure, however, scopolamine hydrobromide (but not methyl scopolamine) increased the amount of time spent in the vicinity of the cat, increased scanning and rearing, and reduced grooming behaviour. Although reliable, the latter effects were not pronounced. Together, these data do not support a major involvement of central muscarinic receptor mechanisms in the regulation of defensive patterns in wild or laboratory rats.